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Cultivation of Cotton in Hindi

dikl dh [ksrh

lQsn lksuk ds uke ls tkuh tkrh Qly& dikl e/;izns'k dh izeq[k Qly gS A ;g Qly [kjhQ ekSle esa o"kkZ izkjaHk gksus ij vflafpr vkSj flafpr nksuksa fLFkfr esa cksbZ tkrh gS A blds fy;s 1000 ls 1200 fe-yh- dh o"kkZ ds lkFk vis{kkd`r vf/kd xeZ tyok;q esa lQyrkiwoZd mxk;k tk ldrk gS A vf/kd BaMh tyok;q blds fy;s mi;qDr ugha gS A izns'k esa 600 ls 1500 fe-yh-vkSlr o"kkZ okys {ks=ksa esa dikl dh [ksrh dh tk jgh gS A
Hkwfe dk pquko %
dikl ds fy;s gYdh ls e/;e Hkkjh] dkyh] nkseV rFkk efV;kj Hkwfe mi;qDr gS A ty fudkl vPNk gksuk pkfg;s A e/;izns'k esa bldh [ksrh izeq[kr% [k.Mok] [kjxkSu]cM+okuh] /kkj] >kcqvk] nsokl] 'kktkiqj] jryke] eUnlkSj] lhgksj] gjnk] fNUnokM+k dk lkSalj ,oa ika<qjuk] cSrwy ftys dh HkSlnsgh] eqyrkbZ vkfn {ks= esa dh tkrh gS A Hkwfe dh ty/kkj.k {kerk rFkk mfpr ty fudkl dh O;oLFkk vko';d gS A
Hkwfe dh rS;kjh %
jch dh Qly dh dVkbZ ds i'pkr feV~Vh iyVus okys gy ls 2&3 o"kZ esa ,d ckj xgjh tqrkbZ djsa A ekulwu vkus ds iwoZ 2&3 ckj c[kjuh djsa ,oa ikVk pykdj nsys rksM+ nsa A dwM+k dpjk chudj dhVksa ds vkJ;nk;h ikS/kksa dks m[kkM+dj tyk nsa A
QLky pØ %
dikl dh [skrh esa Qly pØ dk vR;f/kd egRo gS A bls viukdj vusd izdkj ds Hkwfexr dhV ,oa O;kf/k;ksa ls Qly dh lqj{kk dh tk ldrh gS A dikl ds ckn dikl dh Qly ysuk mfpr ugha gS A blds fy, dikl&ewaxQyh@lks;kchu&puk vkfn ysa A blh izdkj flafpr dikl ds ckn xzh"e esa ewaxQyh ;k I;kt dh Qly ysuk ykHkizn gS A ekg ekpZ ds i'pkr [ksr esa dikl dh Qly ugha ysa A
fdLekasa dk pquko %
o"kkZ tyok;q ,oa Hkwfe ds vk/kkj ij e/;izns'k esa dikl ds fy, mi;qDr {ks= ,oa fdLeksa dk p;u fuEukuqlkj fd;k tk ldrk gS A
¼v½ fuekM+ {ks= % o"kkZ 600&800 fe-yh- okyk {ks= ftlesa [k.Mok] [kjxkSu cM+okuh rFkk /kkj ftys dh dq{kh] eukoj rglhy vkrs gSa] ;gk¡ ueZnk , 51&9] rkIrh] vatyh] [k.Mok&2 ,oa [k.Mok&3] foØe] ok;&1] ekyf>jh tSlh fdLeksa ds vykok ladj dikl fdLeksa ds varxZr ts-ds-,p-&1] ts-ds-,p-&2] ,y-vkj-,-&5166] ,p-59&9, vkj-,p-ok;253] ladj74] ladj&6] ladj&8 rFkk ,u-,p-,p-&44 fdLeksa dh flQkfj'k dh xbZ gS A
¼c½ ekyok {ks= % ;gk¡ o"kkZ 1000&1500 fe-eh- ,oa Hkwfe e/;e dkyh rFkk xgjh gSA blesa bankSj] nsokkl] /kkj] ¼dq{kh] eukoj dks NksM+dj½ mTtSu] 'kktkiqj] jryke] jktx<+ lhgksj o >kcqvk ftys vkrs gSa A bl {ks= gsrq [akMok&1] eky>jh] foØe] rkIrh] ts-ds-,p-1] ts-ds-,p-11] Mh-lh-,p-32] ladj&4] xksnkojh] lkfo=h ,oa cnukoj&1 vkfn fdLeksa dh flQkfj'k dh xbZ gS A
¼l½ ueZnk ?kkVh % 1200 fe-eh- vkSlr o"kkZ okys gjnk ,oa if'peh gks'kaxkckn ftyk ftldh Hkwfe e/;e dkyh o jsrhyh gS] ;gk¡ [kaMok&2] ts-ds-,p-1] ts-ds-,p-2] ladj&4] ladj&6] ladj&8] ,l-vkj-Vh-1]4 o foØe vuq'kaflr gS A
¼n½ lriqM+k {ks= % 1000&1200 fe-eh- o"kkZ ,oa gydh ls e/;e dkyh Hkwfe okys {ks= esa fNUnOkkM+k ftys dh lkSalj o ika<qjuk rglhy rFkk cSrwy ftys dh HkSlnsgh ,oa eqyrkbZ rglhy dk {ks= vkrk gS A blesa ts-ds-,p-1] ts-ds-,p-2] ladj&4] ladj&6] ladj&8] foØe] ojy{eh] okbZ&1] [kaMok&2] ,Q&64] rkIrh] ,-ds-253] fnx fot;] fo".kq fdLesa cksus gsrq vuq'kaflr gS A
¼b½ >kcqvk dk {ks= %& blesa isVykon ,oa vyhjktiqj {ks= 'kkfey gS A blesa ekyok {ks= dh rjg gh fdLesa vuq'kaflr gS A
¼d½ fxnZ {ks= %& blesa Xokfy;j ,oa pacy laHkkx vkrk gS A bl {ks= ds fy, chdkusjh] ueZnk] lh-,p- 228] ts 341 fdLesa mi;qDr gS A
chtksipkj %&vPNs cht vadqj.k jksx fu;a=.k ,oa vPNs mRiknu ds fy, chtksipkj djus ds i'pkr gh cht cksvkbZ djuk pkfg, A loZizFke cht dks xa/kdkEy ls mipkfjr djrs gS] ftlls cht ds mij ds js'ks u"V gks tkrs gS A cht thok.kq jfgr gks tkrk gS A
tSfod mipkj djus gsrq VªkbdksMjek fojMh ;k Vªk- gjft;kue ;k Vªk-fXy;ksDysfM;e 5 xzke izfr fdyks cht ls mipkfjr dj cksus ls tM+ xyu] mdBk] cSfDVfj;y OykbV] vYVjusfj;kyhQ LiksV dh jksdFkke dh tk ldrh gS A VªkbdksMekZ u feyus dh fLFkfr esa 0-01 izfr'kr LVªsIVkslkbfDyu dk ?kksy 10 yhVj esa ,d xzke nok ds ?kksy esa 2 ?kaVs Mqckdj j[ksa A fQj Nk;k esa lq[kkdj 3 xzke MsYVku@ okfoLVhu @dsIVkWu izfr fdyks cht dh nj ls mipkfjr dj cksuk ykHkizn gksrk gS A mipkj djus ds i'pkr ,tsVkscsDVj dYpj ls chtksipkj djuk mi;qDr gksxk blls ikS/kksa dks u=tu dh miyC/krk c<+ tkrh gS A ek=k 10 xzke dYpj izfr fdyks cht dh nj ls j[ksa A
cht dh ek=k
dikl dh fdLe vkSj cksokbZ dh fof/k ikS/ks dk vkdkj ] Hkwfe dh moZjrk ,oa ty/kkj.k {kerk ds vuqlkj cht dh ek=k fu/kkZfjr dh tk ldrh gS A tks fd fuEukuqlkj gS %&

cksus dh fof/k
cht dh ek=k fdyks izfr gsDVj
 
ns'kh fdLe
ladj fdLe
pkSQqYyh flafpr
vflafpr
7&10 fdyks
12&15 fdyks
2&5 fdyks
3&0 fdyks
ljrk }kjk flafpr
vflafpr
15&20 fdyks
20&25 fdyks
10&12 fdyks
15&20 fdyks
 
cksus dh fof/k;k¡ ,ao le; %&
ekulwu vkus ds ,d lIrkg iwoZ dikl dh cksuh djuk mi;qDr gksrk gS A twu ds izFke lIrkg ls r`rh; lIrkg rd cksuh djus ij iSnkokj esa 10&15 izfr'kr vf/kd o`f) ikbZ xbZ gS A ladj dikl dh cksuh 15 ebZ ls iwoZ ugh djsa A cksokbZ dh pkj fof/k;ka izpfyr gS %&
  • pkSQqYyh fof/k %& bl fof/k esa cht o fdLeksa ds vk/kkj ij vko';drkuqlkj nwjh j[kh tkrh gS A lkekU; rkSj ls drkj ls drkj o ikS/ks ls ikS/ks dh nwjh ladj fdLeksa esa 90 ls-eh- 90 ls-eh- rFkk ,d x<~<s esa 1&2 cht cks;s tkrs gS A dikl cht ds vadqj.k esa lgk;rk igqapkus gsrq dikl cht ds lkFk ulZ izeksnj cht tSls lobZ rqvj] poyk vkfn Hkh cks;s tk ldrs gS A
  • ljrk }kjk%& ljrk }kjk cksuh djus ij cht dh ek=k pkSQqYyh i)fr dh vis{kk nqxquh yxrh gS A
bl i)fr esa le; dh cpr gksrh gS] ijUrq cht ls cht dh nwjh leku ugha jg ikrh A ;g i)fr rHkh viukbZ tkrh gS] tc etnwj dh leL;k jgrh gS ,oa cksuh gsrq le; dh deh jgrh gS A ;g i)fr de ykHkizn gS A blfy, vuq'kaflr ugha gS A
  • 'kq"d x<~<s esa cksuh %& pkSQqYyh ds fy, vkM+h [kM+h drkjsa fu/kkZfjr ,oa cjkcj nwjh ¼60 ls-eh- ;k 90 ls-eh- ½ ij cukdj cksrs gS] ftlls lHkh vksj ls Mksjk vkfn pyk;k tk ldrk gS ,oa ikS/kksa dh njh leku jgrh gS] tcfd bl fof/k esa ,slk ugha djds drkjksa esa vuqekfur nwjh ij xkscj @ dEiksLV [kkn vkSj jk[k feV~Vh ,oa jlk;fud [kkn dk feDlpj vkfn x<~<s esa Hkj 2&3 cht Mky nsrs gS A ;g fdz;k o"kkZ izkjaHk gksus ls iwoZ lw[kh fLFkfr esa djrs gS] tks fd o"kkZ gksus ij cht dks iks"k.k rqjar miyC/k gks lds A izk;% ns'kh fdLeksa esa ;g fof/k viukbZ tkrh gS A
  •  
  • drkj NksM i)fr %& bl i)fr dks fLdidrkj i)fr Hkh dgrs gSa] blesa nks drkjksa ds e/; ,d drkj fjDr j[krs gSa A D;ksafd bl drkj ds ikS/ks iwoZ dh nks drk,sa esa lfEefyr dj nsrs gS A [k.Mok 2] ueZnk] cnukoj tSlh fdLeksa esa bl i)fr ls drkj ls drkj dh nwjh 45 ls-eh- vkSj ikS/ks ls ikS/ks dh nwjh 30 ls-eh- j[kuk ykHknk;d ik;k x;k gS A ;g de izpfyr gS A
  • drkj tksM+ i)fr %& bl i)fr esa varjorhZ Qlyksa ds :i esa 6 ;k 8 drkjsa dikl dh cksus ds i'pkr 1&2 drkjsa vjgj dh cksbZ tkrh gS A izR;sd 4&6 drkjksads ckn vjgj @ Tokj vkfn nksuks ykHkizn ik;k x;k gS A blls dhV O;kf/k;ksa dk izdksi Hkh de gksrk gS D;ksafd varjorhZ Qly ds dkj.k budk rhozrk ls QSyko ugha gks ikrk A varorhZ; Qlyksa ds :i esa ewax] mM+n] lks;kchu ewaxQyh cksuk Hkh ykHk izn gS A
[kkyh txg Hkjuk ,oa ikS/k fojyu
vadqj.k ds i'pkr [ksr esa fjDr ik;s x;s LFkkuksa ij 2&3 fnu i'pkr gh vkSj cht cks fn;s tkrs gS A dHkh & dHkh iksyhFkhu FkSfy;ksa esa Hkh dqN cht cksdj ikS/ks rS;kj dj fy;s tkrs gS] tks fd bu fjDr LFkkuksa ij jksfir dj nsrs gS A bl gsrq FkSyh 15 x 10 ls-eh- dh ysa A blesa cht cksus ds iwoZ jsr 1 Hkkx $ xkscj [kkn 1 Hkkx$ 2 Hkkx feV~Vh dze'k% Hkjuk pkfg, A fQj cht cksrs gS A ;s cht vadqj.k ds 15&20 fnu ckn jksius ;ksX; gks tkrs gS A
vPNs mRiknu gsrq [ksr esa ikS/kksa dh la[;k fu/kkZfjr djsa
ekytjh fdLe 1 ls 1-25 yk[k izfr gsDVj
[kaMokj] ueZnk] fodze vkfn & 0-75 ls 1&0 yk[k ikS/ks izfr gsDVj
ladj dikl fdLesa & 0-12 ls 0-21 yk[k ikS/ks izfr gsDVj
;fn [ksr esa detksj ikS/ks gks ;k mijksDr la[;k ls vf/kd ikS/ks gks rks mUgs m[kkM+ dj fcjyk djuk mi;qDr gksxk A
 
[kkn ,oa moZjd dh ek=k
dz- cht fdLe pkSQqyh esa ikS/kksa ls ikS/ks dh nwjh¼ls-eh-½ iks"kd rRo fdyks @ gsDVj
    gYdh ls e/;e e/;e e/;e ls Hkkjh Hkkjh Hkwfe u=tu LQqj iksVkl
1 ekytjh ns'kh rkIrh vkfn 45 30 45 45 45 45 60 45 40 40 20
2 [kaMok&2 vkfn 45 45 45 45 45 45 60 60 80 40 20
3 [kaMok &2]fodze ueZnk vkfn 45 45 60 45 60 45 60 60 80 40 20
4 ladj fdLesa flafpr 45 30 90 90 120 90 60 60 150 75 40
5 Mh-lh-,p-32 vkfn flafpr 45 30 120 90 12 90 150 120 150 75 40
 
moZjdksa dh ek=k dk fu/kkZj.k feV~Vh ijh{k.k dh vuq'kalkuqlkj djuk ykHkizn gS A oSls vk[kjh c[kjuh ds iwoZ 25&26 fDo- ukMsi [kkn ;k 50 fDo- oehZ dEiksLV ;k 50 ls 80 fDo- ck;ksxsl Lyjh 'ks"k iks"kd rRoksa dh ek=k jklk;fud moZjdksa ds ek/;e ls nsuk pkfg, rkfd ikS/kks dks vko';d lHkh rRoksa dh iwfrZ gks lds AxkMh xkscj @ dEiksLV [kkn izfr gsDVj Mkydj [ksr dh feV~Vh esa feyk nsuk pkfg, A
moZjd nsus dh fof/k;ka o le;
dikl dh Qly esa iks"kd rRoksa dh ikS/kksa dh vko';drk dks ns[krs gq, fofHkUu voLFkkvksa esa moZjdksa dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS A tks fd Hkwfe dh fdLeksa ij vk/kkfjr gksrh gS A
vflafpr dikl gsrq
 
dz-
Hkwfe fdLe
ikS/kksa dh voLFkk
moZjd dh ek=k izfr'kr
 
 
 
u=tu
LQqj
iksVk'k
v gYdh Hkwfe cksus ds le;
4&5 lIrkg
6&8 lIrkg
33
33
33
50
&
50
50
& fojyu ds le;
50 Qwy vkrs le;
c Hkkjh Hkwfe cksus ds le;
4&5 lIrkg
8&10 lIrkg
11&12 lIrkg
25
50
13
12
100
&
&
&
100
& ikS/k fojyu ds le;
& Qwy iwM+h ds le;
& dhVuk'kd nok ds mi;ksx ds lkFk
 
flafpr ladj dikl fdLeksa esa
ikS/k voLFkk;sa
¼ek=k izfr'kr esa½
 
u=tu
LQqj
iksVk'k
cksus ds le; 10 50 50
3&4 lIrkg ckn 10 & &
7&8 lIrkg 25 50 50
10&11 lIrkg 25 & &
14&15 lIrkg 15 & &
15 lIrkg ckn 15 & &
mijksDr moZjd dh ek=k cksrs le; gy ls drkjksa esa nsa A fc[ksjdj dHkh ugha Mkysa A rRi'pkr [kM+h Qly esa ikS/kksa ds vklikl pdzkdkj fjax cuk dj Mkysa ,oa lq[kh vkfn ls vPNh rjg ls feV~Vh esa feyk;sa A vFkok ikS/ksa ds vklikl 3 LFkkuksa ij 5^^&6&7 xgjkbZ ds [kM+s vkMs pkSMs dkWye lOoy ;k ydMh dh lgk;rk ls cukdj mlesa moZjd Mky dj feV~Vh ls can dj nsrs gS] rFkk ckn esa flapkbZ dh tkrh gS A
dHkh dHkh dikl ¼ fo'ks"kdj vesfjdu fdLesa½ ds iRrs yky iM+ tkrs gS] tks fd xje ;k BaMh gok ds dkj.k vFkok iksVkl ;k u=tu dh deh ds dkj.k Hkh gks tkrs gS A ,slh fLFkfr esa 1&5 izfr'kr Mh-,-ih-$ 1-5 izfr'kr iksVkl ¼750 xzke Mh-,-ih- $ 750 xzke iksVkl dks 100 yhVj ikuh esa ?kksydj½ dk fNM+dko dj iRrsa ij djuk ykHkizn ik;k x;k gS A
Qwy vkus ds ckn bl feJ.k dks 2&3 ckj fNM+dko djuk ykHkizn gS A
flapkbZ
ekuwlu ds iwoZ cksbZ xbZ dikl dh Qly esa vko';drkuqlkj flapkbZ djuk pkfg,] ijUrq o"kkZ izkjaHk gkssus ij flapkbZ esa fo'ks"k :i ls lko/kkuh j[kuk pkfg, A D;ksafd vf/kd [ksr esa ikuh dk vf/kd Hkjko jgus vFkok vf/kd xhykiu gksus ij tM+s lM+ ldrh gS A lkFk gh tM+ lM+u jksx o vU; Hkwfetfur jksxksa ds izdksi Hkh Qly ij gksus dh laHkkouk c<+ tkrh gS A Qly esa Qwy vkus o cksaM+h curs le; [ksrksa esa i;kZIr ueh gksuk pkfg, vU;Fkk muds fxjus ls mRiknu izHkkfor gksxk flapkbZ drkj NksM+ i)fr ls djuk ykHkizn gksrk gS A
vPNh o"kkZ ds ckn ,d nks flapkbZ i;kZIr gksrh gS A ijUrq lkekU; o"kkZ ds ckn gYdh Hkwfe esa 15&20 fnu ds varj ls e/;e ls Hkkjh Hkwfe esa 25&30 fnuksa ds varj ls rFkk Hkkjh Hkwfe esa 30&35 fnu ds varj ls flapkbZ dh vko';drk gksrh gS A o"kkZ dk le; lekIr gksus ds i'pkr~ flapkbZ dj nsuk ykHkizn gksrk gS A
dyh o Qqycgkj vkus ds le; ueh dh vf/kd vko';drk gksrh gS A vr% bl le; ueh dh deh ns[krs gh flapkbZ dh O;oLFkk djuk mfpr gksxk A
ty fudkl
vf/kd ueh;qDr Hkwfe dikl ds fy, gkfuizn gS A blfy, ty fudkl gsrq izR;sd 15&20 drkjksa ds ckn ,d NksVh ukyh ¼gYds dwM½ cukdj ty fudklh dh tk ldrh gS A ftls vkxs tkdj eq[; fudkl ukyh ls tksM+ nsrs gS A ueh ds laj{k.k gsrq vk[kjh dksyik ¼Mksjk½ pykus ds ckn drkjksa esa feV~Vh p<+kuk ykHkizn gksrk gS A
ikS/kksa dks lgkjk nsuk
ladj dikl vf/kd le; rd [ksr esa jgrk gS A bls [kkn ,oa ikuh dh vf/kd vko';drk gksrh gS] ftlls mldh okuLifrd o`f) vf/kd gksrh gS ,oa QwyiwM+h o cksaMh vf/kd la[;k es gksus ls ikS/kk uhps >qd tkrk gS A bls lh/kh fLFkfr esa j[kus gsrq ck¡l] [kwaVh o`{kksa dh Mkyh vFkok rkj @ jLlh ds }kjk lgkjk fn;k tkrk gS A ikS/kksa ij feV~Vh p<+kdj Hkh mls lh/kk [kM+k j[kus gsrq iz;kl fd;k tkrk gS A
varorhZ; Qlysa
dikl dh Qly esa drkjksa ds e/; 6&8 drkjksa ds ckn vjgj dh 2 drkjsa cksbZ tkrh gS A blds vfrfjDr drkjksa ds e/; fjDr LFkku esa de ls de vof/k esa idus okyh ,oa de maph Qly ds :i esa ewax] mM+n] lks;kchu ewaxQyh vFkok maph Qly dss :i esa Tokj vkfn dh Qly mxkbZ tk ldrh gS A ftlls vfrfjDr vk; gks ldrh gS A blesa drkjksa ds e/; nwjh 30 ls-eh- j[ksa A varjorhZ Qly o dikl dk vuqikr 2%2 ;k 4%2 ¼ dikl vU; Qly ½ j[kuk mi;qDr gS A
o`f) fu;a=.k
dHkh dHkh vf/kd u=tu dh miyC/krk ,oa vf/kd ueh ds dkj.k dikl ds ikS/kksa dh okuLifrd o`f) vf/kd gks tkrh gS A ftlds QyLo:i Qwy iwM+h o cksaM+h de curh gS A ,slh fLFkfr es ikS/kksa dh c<+okj fu;a=.k gsrq 45&60 fnu dh voLFkk esa lkbdksfly uked rjy nok 20 ls 30 feyh dks 250 yhVj ikuh esa feykdj ikS/kksa ds mij fNM+dko djsa A
uhank uk'kd
dikl Qly esa uhank fu;a=.k gsrq le; le; ij dksyik ¼Mksjk½ pykdj ,oa fuankbZ djrs jgdj uhank jfgr j[kuk vko';d gS] uhankfu;a=.k gsrq jksikbZ ds rqjar ckn ¼vadqj.k gksus ds iwoZ ½ Mkb;wjkWu uked uhankuk'kd 750 xzke lfdz; rRo izfr gsDVj dh nj ls i;kZIr ueh ds le; Hkwfe ij fNM+dko djsa A blls 2 ekg rd uhank ugha mxrs A ijUrq blds mi;ksx esa ek=k] le; o ueh dk fo'ks"k /;ku j[kk tkos A
Qwy iwM+h >Muk
vf/kd ueh] u=tuh; moZjd dh vf/kdrk] vf/kd xehZ jlpwld dhM+ks dk izdksi QwyiwM+h vkfn ds dkj.k Qwy>Mh fxjus yxrh gS A budh jksdFkke gsrq IysuksafQDl nok 100 fe-yh-@izfr ,dM+ dh ek=k esa ikuh esa ?kksy cukdj ikS/kksa ij fNM+dko djuk ykHkizn gksrk gS A
dikl Qly esa QwyiwM+h MsUMw Nsnd bYyh ds vkdze.k gksus ls Hkh fxjrh gSA ;s bfYy;ka NksVh voLFkk dh dyh esa Qwy cuus ds iwoZ gh Nsn dj [kkrh gS A ftlls vle; esa gh QwyiwM+h ihyh gksdj ikS/ks ds uhps fxj tkrh gSA blds fu;a=.k ,u-,l-ds-bZ-;k uhe rsy dk mi;ksx djsa u feyus dh fLFkfr ds gsrq Li'kZ fo"k;qDr nok dk mi;ksx djsa A
dikl ds jksx o mldh jksdFkke
lcls igys xa/kd dk vEy 150&170 feyh izfr yhVj ikuh izfr fdyks cht dh nj ls 5 feuV ds fy, Mqcksdj fudky nsrs gS A ftlls cht ds mij js'ks ty tkrs gS A blds i'pkr~ bls ikuh ls /kksdj ,oa lq[kkdj okfoLVh 1 xzke $ Fkk;je 2 xzke izfr fdyks cht dh nj ls chtksipkj djus vFkok VªkbdksMjek fcjMh 5 xzke izfr fdyks cht dh ek=k ls chtksipkj dj ckus ls lM+u o Hkwfe tfur chekfj;ksa esa ls jksdFkke gksrh gS A
dikl ds jksx fuEukuqlkj gS%&
1- tM+xyl jksx%& ;g jksx jkbtksDVksfu;k ekbdzksQksfeuk uked QQwan ls gksrk gS] vf/kd ueh dh fLFkfr esa ikS/k voLFkk esa eVeSys xksy NksVs /kCcs ik;s tkrs gS A tM+ lM+us ls ikS/kk ej tkrk gS A bl dh jksdFkke gsrq dkcsZUMktkbe ¼ okoLVhu Fkk;je½ 2 xzke izfr yhVj ikuh esa ?kksy cuk dj izHkkfor {ks= esa tM+ksa ds vklikl xksykbZ esa Mky nssa ¼Mªsfpax djsa ½
2- thok.kq >qylk jksx%& ;g tsaFkkseksukl ,DlksuksiksfMlih oh ekYosflju uked thok.kq ¼csDVhfj;k½ ds }kjk gksrk gS A tcfd ckn dh ifRr;ksa ij dks.kh; Hkwjs /kCcs curs gS A LVªsIVkslkbfDyu 1 xzke nok 10 yhVj ikuh esa feykdj fNM+ds A
3- Q~;wtsfj;e foYV%& ;g jksx Q~;wtsfj;e vkDlhLiksje oklkbUQsDVe uked QQawn ls gksrk gS A ikS/kksa dh tM+ksa ds Ã…rd u"V gks tkrs gS A tM+ksa dh Nky mrj tkrh gS] ,oa yEch yEch cknkeh Hkwjh /kkfj;ka cu tkrh gS A ckn esa bu tM+ksa ij :b ds xkys dh rjg QQawn dk tky cu tkrk gS A ikS/kk lw[kdj u"V gks tkrk gS A blds fy, xzflr ikS/ks ds vklikl ds ikuh dks fudkydj 0-1 izfr'kr okfoLVhu ds ?kksy dks tehu esa [khaps izfrjks/kd fdLesa Mh-Ogh-312] ,l-ds-045] th dkWVu 11] 13] ih-,- 32 ck;s A
4- ,UFkzsDukst %& ;g jksx dksysVksVªkbde dsifllkbZ lh bafMde thok.kq ds dkj.k gkskr gS A izk;% vf/kd o"kkZ ue ekSle esa ifRr;ksa vkSj csfM+;ksa ij dkys Hkwjs /kCcs ds :i esa gksrk gS A vkoksZfj;e dikl fdLe esa vf/kd gksrk gS A bl fu;a=.k gsrq LVªsIVkslkbfDyu 6 xzke rFkk dkij vkDlh DyksjkbM QQwanuk'kd 120 xzke nok 500 yhVj ikuh esa feykdj izfr gsDVj fNM+ds A
5- iRrh dk QQwan jksx %& ;g jksx vkYVjusfj;k esdksLiksjk uked QQwan ls gksrk gS A ;g fglqZVe dikl esa 2&3 fe-fe- vkdkj ds Hkwjs /kCcs ds :i esa ifRr;ksa ij ik;k tkrk gS A blds fu;a=.k gsrq dkij vkDlhDyksjkbM ¼ OykbVjkDl½ Qk;Vkstku dkij vkfn ½ 20 xzke izfr 10 yhVj ikuh esa ?kksy cukdj fNM+ds A 6 xzke LVªIVkslkbfDyu $ 120 xzke dkij QQwanuk'kd nok dks 500 yhVj ikuh esa feykdj izfr gsDVj fNM+dko djsa A
6- dikl i.kZdqapu jksx %& ;g jksx tsfeuh ok;jl ls gksrk gS A tks fd lQsn eD[kh }kjk QSyrk gS A bl jksx ds dkj.k ifRr;ka uhps Ã…ij ¼fdukjksa ij½ eqM+ tkrh gS A ftu ifRr;ksa dh uhps dh f'kjk;sa dqN eksVh o xgjh gjh gks tkrh gS A ckn esa jksx xzLr ifRr;ka NksVh NksVh diuqek vkdkj esa fudyrh gS A ikS/kk dk fcdk'k :d uhe rsy 5 fe-yh @ yhVj ikuh esa ;k ,u-,l-ds-bZ- dk 5 izfr'kr ?kksy dk fNMdko Vhiky ;k lsaMksfoV e fe-yh-@ yhVj feykdj FkkekZuFkksDlse 25 MCY;w-th- & 50 xzke lfdz; rRo izfr gsDVj dk fNM+dko djsa vfodflr gks tkrk gS A blds fu;a=.k gsrq laokgd lQsn eD[kh dks u"V djus gsrq eksuksdzksVksQkl 35 bZ-lh- 0-02 izfr'kr dk fNM+dko djsa A [kjirokj fudky nsa A izfrjks/kh fdLesa ,y-vkj-, 5166] lh-ih- 1512 ,y-,p-,p-144] lh-,p-,p- 911 vkfn fdLesa cks;sa A
 
dikl ds izeq[k dhV o mudk fu;a=.k
dikl dh Qly esa yxus okys dhV ,oa O;kf/k;ksa dk leqfpr izca/ku gsrq [ksr dh tqrkbZ ¼xzh"edkyhu xgjh tqrkbZ feV~Vh iyVus okys gy ls izkjaHk dj dikl dh pqukbZ iw.kZ gksus rd fofHkUu fdz;kvksa @ mipkjksa dks djrs gq, lefUor ,dhd`r uk'khtho izca/ku ¼ vkbZ-ih-,e-½ viukdj] fu;a=.k djuk vR;ar vko';d gS A vU;Fkk mRiknu ykxr O;; dkQh cgqr vf/kd c<+ tkrk gS A tks fd vkfFkZd n`f"V ls fdlkuksa ds fgr esa ugha gksxk A
dz-
uk'kh dhV dk uke
vf/kdre izdksi dk le;
Qly dh voLFkk ¼fnuksa esa ½
vkfFkZd gkfu lhek
1 rsyk ¼tsflM½ tqykbZ & uoEcj 1&50 fnu 1&2 fuEQ @ izfr iRrh
2 ekgw ¼,fQM½ tqykbZ & Qjojh 1& 50 fnu 50izfr'kr 10 ,fQM @ikS/kk ;k izHkkfor ikS/ks
3 lQsn eD[kh flrEcj& vDVwcj 35 & 110 fnu 8&10 o;Ld ;k 20 fuEQ izfr iRrh
4 fFkzIl flrEcj& vDVwcj 1&30 fnu Qyu vaxksa esa 10 izfr'kr uqdlku 1 vaMk @ 1 tkokZ izfr ikS/kk ;k 10 izfr'kr uqdlku ;k 10 fFkzIl @ ikS/kk
5 /kCcsnkj jks;s okyh bYyh flrEcj & tuojh 35&110 fnu Qyu vax ¼oksaMh ;k MksMs½ 10 izfr'kr {kfr xzLr
6 vesfjdu lwaMh vxLr & vDVwcj 65 &11 fnu Qyu vax ¼oksaMh ;k MksMs½ 10 izfr'kr {kfr xzLr 20 vaMs @ 20 ikS/kk ;k 20 lwaMh @ ikS?ks
7 xqykch lwaMh vxLr & vDVwcj 65 & 110 fnu Qyu vax 10 izfr'kr {kfrxzLr
8 lsehywij vxLr & flrEcj &  
9 iRrh eksM+d vxLr & flrEcj    
 
  • tsflM+ ¼rsyk½ %& fuEQ o o;Ld iRrh;ksa ds uhps dh lrg ij jgdj jl pwlrs gS ftlls iRrh;ka ihyh] ykfyek fy, Hkwjh gks tkrh gS rFkk fdukjs dh vksj ls uhps eqM+ tkrh gSA bYyh gjs ihys jax dh gksrh gS A blds fu;a=.k gsrq QkLQksfeMk u QMbZlh 250 & 350 ,e-,y- izfr gsDVj ;k esVkflLVkDl 255 bZ-lh- 600&800 fe-yh- 500 yhVj ikuh esa feykdj izfr gsDvj fNM+ds A izfrjks/kh [kaMok] cnukoj 1 ueZnk ts-ds-,p- 1 ] 11 ck;sa A
  • ekgw ¼,fQM½ %& fuEQ rfkk izkS<+ dksiyksa rFkk ifRr;ksa dh fupyh lrg ij eqaMksa esa jgdj jl pwlrs gS A iRrh;k¡ I;kysuqek gksdj ihyh iM+dj eqj>kus yxxrh gS o >qyl tkrh gS A ikS/ks NksVs jg tkrs gS A mipkj tSflM fu;a=.k dh rjg djsa A
  • lQsn eD[kh ¼ OgkbV Q~ykbZ½ %& fuEQ rFkk izkS<+ ikS/kksa dk jl pwlrs gS A ftlls og chekj fn[krk gS A tksM+ksa dk vkdkj NksVk gks tkrk gS A ;g dhV i.kZ dqapu jksx QSykus esa laokgd dk dk;Z djrk gS A [ksr ,oa esM+ ij [kjirokj taxyh ikS/ks u"Vdj 0-03 izfr'kr QkLQksfeMkWu dk 15 fnu ds varjky ls 2&3 ckj fNM+dko Qly ij djsa A
  • dikl dk yky dhM+k ¼ jsM dkWVu cx½ %& fuEQ o izkS<+ nksuksa gh MksaMqvksa ls jl pwlrs gS] ftlls mlds vanj ds :bZ ds js'ks detksj iM+ tkrs gS] rFkk os MasMw Bhd ls [kqy ugha ikrs A bldk vkdze.k vDVwcj ls tuojh rd gksrk gS A bUgs u"V djus gsrq eknk ds tksMs ;k f'k'kqvksa dks ,d=dj dsjkslhu ;qDr ikuh esa Mqck dj ekj nsa A
  • fFkzIl %& o;Ld dhMk Hkwjs jax dk dVs ia[k okyk gksrk gS A f'k'kq o izkS< nksuks gh ifRr;ksa ,oa dksey MksaMks dk jl pwlus gS ftlls Qy fldqM+rs rFkk iRrh;k¡ fldqMdj vanj dh vksj eqM+ tkrh gS var ifRr;ka lw[kdj fxj tkrh gS A blds fu;a=.k gsrq 0-03 izfr'kr dkLQksfeMku ;k 0-2 izfr'kr esVkflLVkDl dk fN<dko djsa A
  • dikl dk MLdh dhV %& fuEQ rFkk izkS<+ nksuks gh ifRr;ksa dks [kqjpdj jl pwlrs gS] ftlls mu ij dkL; jax dh ;k pedhyh /kkfj;k¡ cu tkrh gS A vkSj ikS/ks >qyls utj vkrs gS A fu;a=.k gsrq ,UMkslYQku ;k eksuksdzksVksQkl 0-05 izfr'kr dk ?kksy cukdj fNM+dko djsa A
  • vesfjdu MksaMs dh lwaMh ¼fgfy;ksfFkl½%& bldh lqfMa;k¡ iztuu laca/kh Hkkxksa ij vkdze.k djrh gS A ftlds dkj.k dfy;ksa dh lgif=;k¡ [kqytkus ls Qwy QSys gq, ls fn[kkbZ nsrs gS A ;s Qwy ejdj >M+ tkrs gSA ;s lwM+h fodflr MksaMksa ij Hkh vkdze.k dj mUgs [kk tkrh gS A lwafM;ka gjs ihys jax dh gksrh gS rFkk dikl ds MksMks ds vanj Nsn djds jgrh gS A tSfod dhVuk'kdksa tSls blh izdkj ,u-ih-Ogh- ?kksy 250 ,y-bZ- ¼1 ,y-bZ- 200 djksM+ ok;jl½ dk fNM+dko djsa A ;g bYyh ihyh] gjk ihyk jax fy;s 'kjhj ds nksuksa cktqvksa esa lQsn jax dh /kkfj;k¡ gksrh gS A ,UMkslYQku ;k DyksjksikbjhQkl 2 yhVj izfr gsDVj dk fNM+dko djsa A
  • xqykch lwaMh ¼ fidoky oeZ ½ %& bldh lwafM;k¡ c<+rh gqbZ dfy;ksa ] dksiyksa Qwyksa rFkk MksaMksa ds vanj Nsndj ?kql tkrh gS] rFkk izos'k fNnz can gks tkrk gS NksVs MksaMs >M tkrs gS A ids gq, MksaMs Bhd ls [kqy ugha ikrs A lqafM;k MksaMks ds vanj jgdj cht Hkh [kkrh gS A
  • fpRrhnkj lwaMh ¼LikVsM okyoeZ ½ %& lwafM;ksa ds 'kh"kZ Hkkx ij dkys rFkk dsljh jax ds /kCcs gksrs gS A lwafM;k gjs lQsn jax dh gksrh gS A ;s lwafM;k¡ dikl dh c<+rh gqbZ dksiyksa Qwyksa rFkk MksaMksa ds vanj Nsn djds ?kql tkrh gS A izHkkfor dksiyas yVddj lw[k tkrh gS A dy;k¡] Qwy ;k MksaMs izk;% eqM+ tkrs gS A
bu lwafM;ksa ¼ gsfy;ksfFkl@ fiadokyoeZ @ LikWVsM okyoeZ ½ vkfn dh jksdFkke gsrq tSfod dhVuk'kh ¼ uhe vkdZ @ fuEcksyh vdZ dkjat vdZ ½ vkfn dk 1 izfr'kr ?kksy dk fNM+dko djsa A U;wfDy;j iksyhgkbMªksfll ok;jl ¼,u-ih-Ogh-½ 250 ,y-bZ- dk izfr gsDVj fNM+dko djsa fQj fu;af=r u gksus ij ,d fd-xzk-@ gs- ch-Vh- dk fNM+dko djuk pkfg, A
jklk;fud dhVuk'kdksa esa ,.MkslYQku @ Dysjks ikbjhQkWl 2 yhVj izfr gsDVj dk fNM+dko djsa A ;k QsuoyjsV 1 yhVj @ gsDVj ;k lkbijesfFkzu 1- bZ-lh- 75 xzke @ gsDVj ;k MsdkesFkzhu 28 bZ-lh- 17 xzke izfr gsDVj 1000&1200 yhVj ikuh esa feykdj fNM+dko djus ls lqafM;ksa dk fu;a=.k fd;k tk ldrk gS A
dikl dh pqukbZ
dikl dh pqukbZ iwjh rjg ls f[kys ?kasVksa esa ls gh djsa A xhyh dikl dh pqukbZ ugha djsa A vksl ds le; lqcg tYnh dikl ugha pqus vU;Fkk mlus ueh vf/kd gksxh A dikl dh pquko izk;% lqcg ds le; dh tkrh gS] ftlls dikl ds lkFk lw[kh iRrh;k¡] dpjk vkfn fpidk u jgs A dpjk ;qDr @ [kjkc ;k bYy;ksa }kjk {kfrxzLr dikl dks pqudj vyx j[ksa A dikl dks fdLeksa ds vuqlkj vyx vyx <+sjksa esa lkQ lw[ks LFkku ij HkaMkfjr djsa A
bl fof/k ls dikl dh [ksrh djds d`"kd vf/kd mRiknu ds lkFk lkFk vf/kd ewY; izkIr dj vf/kd equkQk izkIr dj ldrs gS A

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