Skip to main content

Cultivation of Cotton in Hindi

dikl dh [ksrh

lQsn lksuk ds uke ls tkuh tkrh Qly& dikl e/;izns'k dh izeq[k Qly gS A ;g Qly [kjhQ ekSle esa o"kkZ izkjaHk gksus ij vflafpr vkSj flafpr nksuksa fLFkfr esa cksbZ tkrh gS A blds fy;s 1000 ls 1200 fe-yh- dh o"kkZ ds lkFk vis{kkd`r vf/kd xeZ tyok;q esa lQyrkiwoZd mxk;k tk ldrk gS A vf/kd BaMh tyok;q blds fy;s mi;qDr ugha gS A izns'k esa 600 ls 1500 fe-yh-vkSlr o"kkZ okys {ks=ksa esa dikl dh [ksrh dh tk jgh gS A
Hkwfe dk pquko %
dikl ds fy;s gYdh ls e/;e Hkkjh] dkyh] nkseV rFkk efV;kj Hkwfe mi;qDr gS A ty fudkl vPNk gksuk pkfg;s A e/;izns'k esa bldh [ksrh izeq[kr% [k.Mok] [kjxkSu]cM+okuh] /kkj] >kcqvk] nsokl] 'kktkiqj] jryke] eUnlkSj] lhgksj] gjnk] fNUnokM+k dk lkSalj ,oa ika<qjuk] cSrwy ftys dh HkSlnsgh] eqyrkbZ vkfn {ks= esa dh tkrh gS A Hkwfe dh ty/kkj.k {kerk rFkk mfpr ty fudkl dh O;oLFkk vko';d gS A
Hkwfe dh rS;kjh %
jch dh Qly dh dVkbZ ds i'pkr feV~Vh iyVus okys gy ls 2&3 o"kZ esa ,d ckj xgjh tqrkbZ djsa A ekulwu vkus ds iwoZ 2&3 ckj c[kjuh djsa ,oa ikVk pykdj nsys rksM+ nsa A dwM+k dpjk chudj dhVksa ds vkJ;nk;h ikS/kksa dks m[kkM+dj tyk nsa A
QLky pØ %
dikl dh [skrh esa Qly pØ dk vR;f/kd egRo gS A bls viukdj vusd izdkj ds Hkwfexr dhV ,oa O;kf/k;ksa ls Qly dh lqj{kk dh tk ldrh gS A dikl ds ckn dikl dh Qly ysuk mfpr ugha gS A blds fy, dikl&ewaxQyh@lks;kchu&puk vkfn ysa A blh izdkj flafpr dikl ds ckn xzh"e esa ewaxQyh ;k I;kt dh Qly ysuk ykHkizn gS A ekg ekpZ ds i'pkr [ksr esa dikl dh Qly ugha ysa A
fdLekasa dk pquko %
o"kkZ tyok;q ,oa Hkwfe ds vk/kkj ij e/;izns'k esa dikl ds fy, mi;qDr {ks= ,oa fdLeksa dk p;u fuEukuqlkj fd;k tk ldrk gS A
¼v½ fuekM+ {ks= % o"kkZ 600&800 fe-yh- okyk {ks= ftlesa [k.Mok] [kjxkSu cM+okuh rFkk /kkj ftys dh dq{kh] eukoj rglhy vkrs gSa] ;gk¡ ueZnk , 51&9] rkIrh] vatyh] [k.Mok&2 ,oa [k.Mok&3] foØe] ok;&1] ekyf>jh tSlh fdLeksa ds vykok ladj dikl fdLeksa ds varxZr ts-ds-,p-&1] ts-ds-,p-&2] ,y-vkj-,-&5166] ,p-59&9, vkj-,p-ok;253] ladj74] ladj&6] ladj&8 rFkk ,u-,p-,p-&44 fdLeksa dh flQkfj'k dh xbZ gS A
¼c½ ekyok {ks= % ;gk¡ o"kkZ 1000&1500 fe-eh- ,oa Hkwfe e/;e dkyh rFkk xgjh gSA blesa bankSj] nsokkl] /kkj] ¼dq{kh] eukoj dks NksM+dj½ mTtSu] 'kktkiqj] jryke] jktx<+ lhgksj o >kcqvk ftys vkrs gSa A bl {ks= gsrq [akMok&1] eky>jh] foØe] rkIrh] ts-ds-,p-1] ts-ds-,p-11] Mh-lh-,p-32] ladj&4] xksnkojh] lkfo=h ,oa cnukoj&1 vkfn fdLeksa dh flQkfj'k dh xbZ gS A
¼l½ ueZnk ?kkVh % 1200 fe-eh- vkSlr o"kkZ okys gjnk ,oa if'peh gks'kaxkckn ftyk ftldh Hkwfe e/;e dkyh o jsrhyh gS] ;gk¡ [kaMok&2] ts-ds-,p-1] ts-ds-,p-2] ladj&4] ladj&6] ladj&8] ,l-vkj-Vh-1]4 o foØe vuq'kaflr gS A
¼n½ lriqM+k {ks= % 1000&1200 fe-eh- o"kkZ ,oa gydh ls e/;e dkyh Hkwfe okys {ks= esa fNUnOkkM+k ftys dh lkSalj o ika<qjuk rglhy rFkk cSrwy ftys dh HkSlnsgh ,oa eqyrkbZ rglhy dk {ks= vkrk gS A blesa ts-ds-,p-1] ts-ds-,p-2] ladj&4] ladj&6] ladj&8] foØe] ojy{eh] okbZ&1] [kaMok&2] ,Q&64] rkIrh] ,-ds-253] fnx fot;] fo".kq fdLesa cksus gsrq vuq'kaflr gS A
¼b½ >kcqvk dk {ks= %& blesa isVykon ,oa vyhjktiqj {ks= 'kkfey gS A blesa ekyok {ks= dh rjg gh fdLesa vuq'kaflr gS A
¼d½ fxnZ {ks= %& blesa Xokfy;j ,oa pacy laHkkx vkrk gS A bl {ks= ds fy, chdkusjh] ueZnk] lh-,p- 228] ts 341 fdLesa mi;qDr gS A
chtksipkj %&vPNs cht vadqj.k jksx fu;a=.k ,oa vPNs mRiknu ds fy, chtksipkj djus ds i'pkr gh cht cksvkbZ djuk pkfg, A loZizFke cht dks xa/kdkEy ls mipkfjr djrs gS] ftlls cht ds mij ds js'ks u"V gks tkrs gS A cht thok.kq jfgr gks tkrk gS A
tSfod mipkj djus gsrq VªkbdksMjek fojMh ;k Vªk- gjft;kue ;k Vªk-fXy;ksDysfM;e 5 xzke izfr fdyks cht ls mipkfjr dj cksus ls tM+ xyu] mdBk] cSfDVfj;y OykbV] vYVjusfj;kyhQ LiksV dh jksdFkke dh tk ldrh gS A VªkbdksMekZ u feyus dh fLFkfr esa 0-01 izfr'kr LVªsIVkslkbfDyu dk ?kksy 10 yhVj esa ,d xzke nok ds ?kksy esa 2 ?kaVs Mqckdj j[ksa A fQj Nk;k esa lq[kkdj 3 xzke MsYVku@ okfoLVhu @dsIVkWu izfr fdyks cht dh nj ls mipkfjr dj cksuk ykHkizn gksrk gS A mipkj djus ds i'pkr ,tsVkscsDVj dYpj ls chtksipkj djuk mi;qDr gksxk blls ikS/kksa dks u=tu dh miyC/krk c<+ tkrh gS A ek=k 10 xzke dYpj izfr fdyks cht dh nj ls j[ksa A
cht dh ek=k
dikl dh fdLe vkSj cksokbZ dh fof/k ikS/ks dk vkdkj ] Hkwfe dh moZjrk ,oa ty/kkj.k {kerk ds vuqlkj cht dh ek=k fu/kkZfjr dh tk ldrh gS A tks fd fuEukuqlkj gS %&

cksus dh fof/k
cht dh ek=k fdyks izfr gsDVj
 
ns'kh fdLe
ladj fdLe
pkSQqYyh flafpr
vflafpr
7&10 fdyks
12&15 fdyks
2&5 fdyks
3&0 fdyks
ljrk }kjk flafpr
vflafpr
15&20 fdyks
20&25 fdyks
10&12 fdyks
15&20 fdyks
 
cksus dh fof/k;k¡ ,ao le; %&
ekulwu vkus ds ,d lIrkg iwoZ dikl dh cksuh djuk mi;qDr gksrk gS A twu ds izFke lIrkg ls r`rh; lIrkg rd cksuh djus ij iSnkokj esa 10&15 izfr'kr vf/kd o`f) ikbZ xbZ gS A ladj dikl dh cksuh 15 ebZ ls iwoZ ugh djsa A cksokbZ dh pkj fof/k;ka izpfyr gS %&
  • pkSQqYyh fof/k %& bl fof/k esa cht o fdLeksa ds vk/kkj ij vko';drkuqlkj nwjh j[kh tkrh gS A lkekU; rkSj ls drkj ls drkj o ikS/ks ls ikS/ks dh nwjh ladj fdLeksa esa 90 ls-eh- 90 ls-eh- rFkk ,d x<~<s esa 1&2 cht cks;s tkrs gS A dikl cht ds vadqj.k esa lgk;rk igqapkus gsrq dikl cht ds lkFk ulZ izeksnj cht tSls lobZ rqvj] poyk vkfn Hkh cks;s tk ldrs gS A
  • ljrk }kjk%& ljrk }kjk cksuh djus ij cht dh ek=k pkSQqYyh i)fr dh vis{kk nqxquh yxrh gS A
bl i)fr esa le; dh cpr gksrh gS] ijUrq cht ls cht dh nwjh leku ugha jg ikrh A ;g i)fr rHkh viukbZ tkrh gS] tc etnwj dh leL;k jgrh gS ,oa cksuh gsrq le; dh deh jgrh gS A ;g i)fr de ykHkizn gS A blfy, vuq'kaflr ugha gS A
  • 'kq"d x<~<s esa cksuh %& pkSQqYyh ds fy, vkM+h [kM+h drkjsa fu/kkZfjr ,oa cjkcj nwjh ¼60 ls-eh- ;k 90 ls-eh- ½ ij cukdj cksrs gS] ftlls lHkh vksj ls Mksjk vkfn pyk;k tk ldrk gS ,oa ikS/kksa dh njh leku jgrh gS] tcfd bl fof/k esa ,slk ugha djds drkjksa esa vuqekfur nwjh ij xkscj @ dEiksLV [kkn vkSj jk[k feV~Vh ,oa jlk;fud [kkn dk feDlpj vkfn x<~<s esa Hkj 2&3 cht Mky nsrs gS A ;g fdz;k o"kkZ izkjaHk gksus ls iwoZ lw[kh fLFkfr esa djrs gS] tks fd o"kkZ gksus ij cht dks iks"k.k rqjar miyC/k gks lds A izk;% ns'kh fdLeksa esa ;g fof/k viukbZ tkrh gS A
  •  
  • drkj NksM i)fr %& bl i)fr dks fLdidrkj i)fr Hkh dgrs gSa] blesa nks drkjksa ds e/; ,d drkj fjDr j[krs gSa A D;ksafd bl drkj ds ikS/ks iwoZ dh nks drk,sa esa lfEefyr dj nsrs gS A [k.Mok 2] ueZnk] cnukoj tSlh fdLeksa esa bl i)fr ls drkj ls drkj dh nwjh 45 ls-eh- vkSj ikS/ks ls ikS/ks dh nwjh 30 ls-eh- j[kuk ykHknk;d ik;k x;k gS A ;g de izpfyr gS A
  • drkj tksM+ i)fr %& bl i)fr esa varjorhZ Qlyksa ds :i esa 6 ;k 8 drkjsa dikl dh cksus ds i'pkr 1&2 drkjsa vjgj dh cksbZ tkrh gS A izR;sd 4&6 drkjksads ckn vjgj @ Tokj vkfn nksuks ykHkizn ik;k x;k gS A blls dhV O;kf/k;ksa dk izdksi Hkh de gksrk gS D;ksafd varjorhZ Qly ds dkj.k budk rhozrk ls QSyko ugha gks ikrk A varorhZ; Qlyksa ds :i esa ewax] mM+n] lks;kchu ewaxQyh cksuk Hkh ykHk izn gS A
[kkyh txg Hkjuk ,oa ikS/k fojyu
vadqj.k ds i'pkr [ksr esa fjDr ik;s x;s LFkkuksa ij 2&3 fnu i'pkr gh vkSj cht cks fn;s tkrs gS A dHkh & dHkh iksyhFkhu FkSfy;ksa esa Hkh dqN cht cksdj ikS/ks rS;kj dj fy;s tkrs gS] tks fd bu fjDr LFkkuksa ij jksfir dj nsrs gS A bl gsrq FkSyh 15 x 10 ls-eh- dh ysa A blesa cht cksus ds iwoZ jsr 1 Hkkx $ xkscj [kkn 1 Hkkx$ 2 Hkkx feV~Vh dze'k% Hkjuk pkfg, A fQj cht cksrs gS A ;s cht vadqj.k ds 15&20 fnu ckn jksius ;ksX; gks tkrs gS A
vPNs mRiknu gsrq [ksr esa ikS/kksa dh la[;k fu/kkZfjr djsa
ekytjh fdLe 1 ls 1-25 yk[k izfr gsDVj
[kaMokj] ueZnk] fodze vkfn & 0-75 ls 1&0 yk[k ikS/ks izfr gsDVj
ladj dikl fdLesa & 0-12 ls 0-21 yk[k ikS/ks izfr gsDVj
;fn [ksr esa detksj ikS/ks gks ;k mijksDr la[;k ls vf/kd ikS/ks gks rks mUgs m[kkM+ dj fcjyk djuk mi;qDr gksxk A
 
[kkn ,oa moZjd dh ek=k
dz- cht fdLe pkSQqyh esa ikS/kksa ls ikS/ks dh nwjh¼ls-eh-½ iks"kd rRo fdyks @ gsDVj
    gYdh ls e/;e e/;e e/;e ls Hkkjh Hkkjh Hkwfe u=tu LQqj iksVkl
1 ekytjh ns'kh rkIrh vkfn 45 30 45 45 45 45 60 45 40 40 20
2 [kaMok&2 vkfn 45 45 45 45 45 45 60 60 80 40 20
3 [kaMok &2]fodze ueZnk vkfn 45 45 60 45 60 45 60 60 80 40 20
4 ladj fdLesa flafpr 45 30 90 90 120 90 60 60 150 75 40
5 Mh-lh-,p-32 vkfn flafpr 45 30 120 90 12 90 150 120 150 75 40
 
moZjdksa dh ek=k dk fu/kkZj.k feV~Vh ijh{k.k dh vuq'kalkuqlkj djuk ykHkizn gS A oSls vk[kjh c[kjuh ds iwoZ 25&26 fDo- ukMsi [kkn ;k 50 fDo- oehZ dEiksLV ;k 50 ls 80 fDo- ck;ksxsl Lyjh 'ks"k iks"kd rRoksa dh ek=k jklk;fud moZjdksa ds ek/;e ls nsuk pkfg, rkfd ikS/kks dks vko';d lHkh rRoksa dh iwfrZ gks lds AxkMh xkscj @ dEiksLV [kkn izfr gsDVj Mkydj [ksr dh feV~Vh esa feyk nsuk pkfg, A
moZjd nsus dh fof/k;ka o le;
dikl dh Qly esa iks"kd rRoksa dh ikS/kksa dh vko';drk dks ns[krs gq, fofHkUu voLFkkvksa esa moZjdksa dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS A tks fd Hkwfe dh fdLeksa ij vk/kkfjr gksrh gS A
vflafpr dikl gsrq
 
dz-
Hkwfe fdLe
ikS/kksa dh voLFkk
moZjd dh ek=k izfr'kr
 
 
 
u=tu
LQqj
iksVk'k
v gYdh Hkwfe cksus ds le;
4&5 lIrkg
6&8 lIrkg
33
33
33
50
&
50
50
& fojyu ds le;
50 Qwy vkrs le;
c Hkkjh Hkwfe cksus ds le;
4&5 lIrkg
8&10 lIrkg
11&12 lIrkg
25
50
13
12
100
&
&
&
100
& ikS/k fojyu ds le;
& Qwy iwM+h ds le;
& dhVuk'kd nok ds mi;ksx ds lkFk
 
flafpr ladj dikl fdLeksa esa
ikS/k voLFkk;sa
¼ek=k izfr'kr esa½
 
u=tu
LQqj
iksVk'k
cksus ds le; 10 50 50
3&4 lIrkg ckn 10 & &
7&8 lIrkg 25 50 50
10&11 lIrkg 25 & &
14&15 lIrkg 15 & &
15 lIrkg ckn 15 & &
mijksDr moZjd dh ek=k cksrs le; gy ls drkjksa esa nsa A fc[ksjdj dHkh ugha Mkysa A rRi'pkr [kM+h Qly esa ikS/kksa ds vklikl pdzkdkj fjax cuk dj Mkysa ,oa lq[kh vkfn ls vPNh rjg ls feV~Vh esa feyk;sa A vFkok ikS/ksa ds vklikl 3 LFkkuksa ij 5^^&6&7 xgjkbZ ds [kM+s vkMs pkSMs dkWye lOoy ;k ydMh dh lgk;rk ls cukdj mlesa moZjd Mky dj feV~Vh ls can dj nsrs gS] rFkk ckn esa flapkbZ dh tkrh gS A
dHkh dHkh dikl ¼ fo'ks"kdj vesfjdu fdLesa½ ds iRrs yky iM+ tkrs gS] tks fd xje ;k BaMh gok ds dkj.k vFkok iksVkl ;k u=tu dh deh ds dkj.k Hkh gks tkrs gS A ,slh fLFkfr esa 1&5 izfr'kr Mh-,-ih-$ 1-5 izfr'kr iksVkl ¼750 xzke Mh-,-ih- $ 750 xzke iksVkl dks 100 yhVj ikuh esa ?kksydj½ dk fNM+dko dj iRrsa ij djuk ykHkizn ik;k x;k gS A
Qwy vkus ds ckn bl feJ.k dks 2&3 ckj fNM+dko djuk ykHkizn gS A
flapkbZ
ekuwlu ds iwoZ cksbZ xbZ dikl dh Qly esa vko';drkuqlkj flapkbZ djuk pkfg,] ijUrq o"kkZ izkjaHk gkssus ij flapkbZ esa fo'ks"k :i ls lko/kkuh j[kuk pkfg, A D;ksafd vf/kd [ksr esa ikuh dk vf/kd Hkjko jgus vFkok vf/kd xhykiu gksus ij tM+s lM+ ldrh gS A lkFk gh tM+ lM+u jksx o vU; Hkwfetfur jksxksa ds izdksi Hkh Qly ij gksus dh laHkkouk c<+ tkrh gS A Qly esa Qwy vkus o cksaM+h curs le; [ksrksa esa i;kZIr ueh gksuk pkfg, vU;Fkk muds fxjus ls mRiknu izHkkfor gksxk flapkbZ drkj NksM+ i)fr ls djuk ykHkizn gksrk gS A
vPNh o"kkZ ds ckn ,d nks flapkbZ i;kZIr gksrh gS A ijUrq lkekU; o"kkZ ds ckn gYdh Hkwfe esa 15&20 fnu ds varj ls e/;e ls Hkkjh Hkwfe esa 25&30 fnuksa ds varj ls rFkk Hkkjh Hkwfe esa 30&35 fnu ds varj ls flapkbZ dh vko';drk gksrh gS A o"kkZ dk le; lekIr gksus ds i'pkr~ flapkbZ dj nsuk ykHkizn gksrk gS A
dyh o Qqycgkj vkus ds le; ueh dh vf/kd vko';drk gksrh gS A vr% bl le; ueh dh deh ns[krs gh flapkbZ dh O;oLFkk djuk mfpr gksxk A
ty fudkl
vf/kd ueh;qDr Hkwfe dikl ds fy, gkfuizn gS A blfy, ty fudkl gsrq izR;sd 15&20 drkjksa ds ckn ,d NksVh ukyh ¼gYds dwM½ cukdj ty fudklh dh tk ldrh gS A ftls vkxs tkdj eq[; fudkl ukyh ls tksM+ nsrs gS A ueh ds laj{k.k gsrq vk[kjh dksyik ¼Mksjk½ pykus ds ckn drkjksa esa feV~Vh p<+kuk ykHkizn gksrk gS A
ikS/kksa dks lgkjk nsuk
ladj dikl vf/kd le; rd [ksr esa jgrk gS A bls [kkn ,oa ikuh dh vf/kd vko';drk gksrh gS] ftlls mldh okuLifrd o`f) vf/kd gksrh gS ,oa QwyiwM+h o cksaMh vf/kd la[;k es gksus ls ikS/kk uhps >qd tkrk gS A bls lh/kh fLFkfr esa j[kus gsrq ck¡l] [kwaVh o`{kksa dh Mkyh vFkok rkj @ jLlh ds }kjk lgkjk fn;k tkrk gS A ikS/kksa ij feV~Vh p<+kdj Hkh mls lh/kk [kM+k j[kus gsrq iz;kl fd;k tkrk gS A
varorhZ; Qlysa
dikl dh Qly esa drkjksa ds e/; 6&8 drkjksa ds ckn vjgj dh 2 drkjsa cksbZ tkrh gS A blds vfrfjDr drkjksa ds e/; fjDr LFkku esa de ls de vof/k esa idus okyh ,oa de maph Qly ds :i esa ewax] mM+n] lks;kchu ewaxQyh vFkok maph Qly dss :i esa Tokj vkfn dh Qly mxkbZ tk ldrh gS A ftlls vfrfjDr vk; gks ldrh gS A blesa drkjksa ds e/; nwjh 30 ls-eh- j[ksa A varjorhZ Qly o dikl dk vuqikr 2%2 ;k 4%2 ¼ dikl vU; Qly ½ j[kuk mi;qDr gS A
o`f) fu;a=.k
dHkh dHkh vf/kd u=tu dh miyC/krk ,oa vf/kd ueh ds dkj.k dikl ds ikS/kksa dh okuLifrd o`f) vf/kd gks tkrh gS A ftlds QyLo:i Qwy iwM+h o cksaM+h de curh gS A ,slh fLFkfr es ikS/kksa dh c<+okj fu;a=.k gsrq 45&60 fnu dh voLFkk esa lkbdksfly uked rjy nok 20 ls 30 feyh dks 250 yhVj ikuh esa feykdj ikS/kksa ds mij fNM+dko djsa A
uhank uk'kd
dikl Qly esa uhank fu;a=.k gsrq le; le; ij dksyik ¼Mksjk½ pykdj ,oa fuankbZ djrs jgdj uhank jfgr j[kuk vko';d gS] uhankfu;a=.k gsrq jksikbZ ds rqjar ckn ¼vadqj.k gksus ds iwoZ ½ Mkb;wjkWu uked uhankuk'kd 750 xzke lfdz; rRo izfr gsDVj dh nj ls i;kZIr ueh ds le; Hkwfe ij fNM+dko djsa A blls 2 ekg rd uhank ugha mxrs A ijUrq blds mi;ksx esa ek=k] le; o ueh dk fo'ks"k /;ku j[kk tkos A
Qwy iwM+h >Muk
vf/kd ueh] u=tuh; moZjd dh vf/kdrk] vf/kd xehZ jlpwld dhM+ks dk izdksi QwyiwM+h vkfn ds dkj.k Qwy>Mh fxjus yxrh gS A budh jksdFkke gsrq IysuksafQDl nok 100 fe-yh-@izfr ,dM+ dh ek=k esa ikuh esa ?kksy cukdj ikS/kksa ij fNM+dko djuk ykHkizn gksrk gS A
dikl Qly esa QwyiwM+h MsUMw Nsnd bYyh ds vkdze.k gksus ls Hkh fxjrh gSA ;s bfYy;ka NksVh voLFkk dh dyh esa Qwy cuus ds iwoZ gh Nsn dj [kkrh gS A ftlls vle; esa gh QwyiwM+h ihyh gksdj ikS/ks ds uhps fxj tkrh gSA blds fu;a=.k ,u-,l-ds-bZ-;k uhe rsy dk mi;ksx djsa u feyus dh fLFkfr ds gsrq Li'kZ fo"k;qDr nok dk mi;ksx djsa A
dikl ds jksx o mldh jksdFkke
lcls igys xa/kd dk vEy 150&170 feyh izfr yhVj ikuh izfr fdyks cht dh nj ls 5 feuV ds fy, Mqcksdj fudky nsrs gS A ftlls cht ds mij js'ks ty tkrs gS A blds i'pkr~ bls ikuh ls /kksdj ,oa lq[kkdj okfoLVh 1 xzke $ Fkk;je 2 xzke izfr fdyks cht dh nj ls chtksipkj djus vFkok VªkbdksMjek fcjMh 5 xzke izfr fdyks cht dh ek=k ls chtksipkj dj ckus ls lM+u o Hkwfe tfur chekfj;ksa esa ls jksdFkke gksrh gS A
dikl ds jksx fuEukuqlkj gS%&
1- tM+xyl jksx%& ;g jksx jkbtksDVksfu;k ekbdzksQksfeuk uked QQwan ls gksrk gS] vf/kd ueh dh fLFkfr esa ikS/k voLFkk esa eVeSys xksy NksVs /kCcs ik;s tkrs gS A tM+ lM+us ls ikS/kk ej tkrk gS A bl dh jksdFkke gsrq dkcsZUMktkbe ¼ okoLVhu Fkk;je½ 2 xzke izfr yhVj ikuh esa ?kksy cuk dj izHkkfor {ks= esa tM+ksa ds vklikl xksykbZ esa Mky nssa ¼Mªsfpax djsa ½
2- thok.kq >qylk jksx%& ;g tsaFkkseksukl ,DlksuksiksfMlih oh ekYosflju uked thok.kq ¼csDVhfj;k½ ds }kjk gksrk gS A tcfd ckn dh ifRr;ksa ij dks.kh; Hkwjs /kCcs curs gS A LVªsIVkslkbfDyu 1 xzke nok 10 yhVj ikuh esa feykdj fNM+ds A
3- Q~;wtsfj;e foYV%& ;g jksx Q~;wtsfj;e vkDlhLiksje oklkbUQsDVe uked QQawn ls gksrk gS A ikS/kksa dh tM+ksa ds Ã…rd u"V gks tkrs gS A tM+ksa dh Nky mrj tkrh gS] ,oa yEch yEch cknkeh Hkwjh /kkfj;ka cu tkrh gS A ckn esa bu tM+ksa ij :b ds xkys dh rjg QQawn dk tky cu tkrk gS A ikS/kk lw[kdj u"V gks tkrk gS A blds fy, xzflr ikS/ks ds vklikl ds ikuh dks fudkydj 0-1 izfr'kr okfoLVhu ds ?kksy dks tehu esa [khaps izfrjks/kd fdLesa Mh-Ogh-312] ,l-ds-045] th dkWVu 11] 13] ih-,- 32 ck;s A
4- ,UFkzsDukst %& ;g jksx dksysVksVªkbde dsifllkbZ lh bafMde thok.kq ds dkj.k gkskr gS A izk;% vf/kd o"kkZ ue ekSle esa ifRr;ksa vkSj csfM+;ksa ij dkys Hkwjs /kCcs ds :i esa gksrk gS A vkoksZfj;e dikl fdLe esa vf/kd gksrk gS A bl fu;a=.k gsrq LVªsIVkslkbfDyu 6 xzke rFkk dkij vkDlh DyksjkbM QQwanuk'kd 120 xzke nok 500 yhVj ikuh esa feykdj izfr gsDVj fNM+ds A
5- iRrh dk QQwan jksx %& ;g jksx vkYVjusfj;k esdksLiksjk uked QQwan ls gksrk gS A ;g fglqZVe dikl esa 2&3 fe-fe- vkdkj ds Hkwjs /kCcs ds :i esa ifRr;ksa ij ik;k tkrk gS A blds fu;a=.k gsrq dkij vkDlhDyksjkbM ¼ OykbVjkDl½ Qk;Vkstku dkij vkfn ½ 20 xzke izfr 10 yhVj ikuh esa ?kksy cukdj fNM+ds A 6 xzke LVªIVkslkbfDyu $ 120 xzke dkij QQwanuk'kd nok dks 500 yhVj ikuh esa feykdj izfr gsDVj fNM+dko djsa A
6- dikl i.kZdqapu jksx %& ;g jksx tsfeuh ok;jl ls gksrk gS A tks fd lQsn eD[kh }kjk QSyrk gS A bl jksx ds dkj.k ifRr;ka uhps Ã…ij ¼fdukjksa ij½ eqM+ tkrh gS A ftu ifRr;ksa dh uhps dh f'kjk;sa dqN eksVh o xgjh gjh gks tkrh gS A ckn esa jksx xzLr ifRr;ka NksVh NksVh diuqek vkdkj esa fudyrh gS A ikS/kk dk fcdk'k :d uhe rsy 5 fe-yh @ yhVj ikuh esa ;k ,u-,l-ds-bZ- dk 5 izfr'kr ?kksy dk fNMdko Vhiky ;k lsaMksfoV e fe-yh-@ yhVj feykdj FkkekZuFkksDlse 25 MCY;w-th- & 50 xzke lfdz; rRo izfr gsDVj dk fNM+dko djsa vfodflr gks tkrk gS A blds fu;a=.k gsrq laokgd lQsn eD[kh dks u"V djus gsrq eksuksdzksVksQkl 35 bZ-lh- 0-02 izfr'kr dk fNM+dko djsa A [kjirokj fudky nsa A izfrjks/kh fdLesa ,y-vkj-, 5166] lh-ih- 1512 ,y-,p-,p-144] lh-,p-,p- 911 vkfn fdLesa cks;sa A
 
dikl ds izeq[k dhV o mudk fu;a=.k
dikl dh Qly esa yxus okys dhV ,oa O;kf/k;ksa dk leqfpr izca/ku gsrq [ksr dh tqrkbZ ¼xzh"edkyhu xgjh tqrkbZ feV~Vh iyVus okys gy ls izkjaHk dj dikl dh pqukbZ iw.kZ gksus rd fofHkUu fdz;kvksa @ mipkjksa dks djrs gq, lefUor ,dhd`r uk'khtho izca/ku ¼ vkbZ-ih-,e-½ viukdj] fu;a=.k djuk vR;ar vko';d gS A vU;Fkk mRiknu ykxr O;; dkQh cgqr vf/kd c<+ tkrk gS A tks fd vkfFkZd n`f"V ls fdlkuksa ds fgr esa ugha gksxk A
dz-
uk'kh dhV dk uke
vf/kdre izdksi dk le;
Qly dh voLFkk ¼fnuksa esa ½
vkfFkZd gkfu lhek
1 rsyk ¼tsflM½ tqykbZ & uoEcj 1&50 fnu 1&2 fuEQ @ izfr iRrh
2 ekgw ¼,fQM½ tqykbZ & Qjojh 1& 50 fnu 50izfr'kr 10 ,fQM @ikS/kk ;k izHkkfor ikS/ks
3 lQsn eD[kh flrEcj& vDVwcj 35 & 110 fnu 8&10 o;Ld ;k 20 fuEQ izfr iRrh
4 fFkzIl flrEcj& vDVwcj 1&30 fnu Qyu vaxksa esa 10 izfr'kr uqdlku 1 vaMk @ 1 tkokZ izfr ikS/kk ;k 10 izfr'kr uqdlku ;k 10 fFkzIl @ ikS/kk
5 /kCcsnkj jks;s okyh bYyh flrEcj & tuojh 35&110 fnu Qyu vax ¼oksaMh ;k MksMs½ 10 izfr'kr {kfr xzLr
6 vesfjdu lwaMh vxLr & vDVwcj 65 &11 fnu Qyu vax ¼oksaMh ;k MksMs½ 10 izfr'kr {kfr xzLr 20 vaMs @ 20 ikS/kk ;k 20 lwaMh @ ikS?ks
7 xqykch lwaMh vxLr & vDVwcj 65 & 110 fnu Qyu vax 10 izfr'kr {kfrxzLr
8 lsehywij vxLr & flrEcj &  
9 iRrh eksM+d vxLr & flrEcj    
 
  • tsflM+ ¼rsyk½ %& fuEQ o o;Ld iRrh;ksa ds uhps dh lrg ij jgdj jl pwlrs gS ftlls iRrh;ka ihyh] ykfyek fy, Hkwjh gks tkrh gS rFkk fdukjs dh vksj ls uhps eqM+ tkrh gSA bYyh gjs ihys jax dh gksrh gS A blds fu;a=.k gsrq QkLQksfeMk u QMbZlh 250 & 350 ,e-,y- izfr gsDVj ;k esVkflLVkDl 255 bZ-lh- 600&800 fe-yh- 500 yhVj ikuh esa feykdj izfr gsDvj fNM+ds A izfrjks/kh [kaMok] cnukoj 1 ueZnk ts-ds-,p- 1 ] 11 ck;sa A
  • ekgw ¼,fQM½ %& fuEQ rfkk izkS<+ dksiyksa rFkk ifRr;ksa dh fupyh lrg ij eqaMksa esa jgdj jl pwlrs gS A iRrh;k¡ I;kysuqek gksdj ihyh iM+dj eqj>kus yxxrh gS o >qyl tkrh gS A ikS/ks NksVs jg tkrs gS A mipkj tSflM fu;a=.k dh rjg djsa A
  • lQsn eD[kh ¼ OgkbV Q~ykbZ½ %& fuEQ rFkk izkS<+ ikS/kksa dk jl pwlrs gS A ftlls og chekj fn[krk gS A tksM+ksa dk vkdkj NksVk gks tkrk gS A ;g dhV i.kZ dqapu jksx QSykus esa laokgd dk dk;Z djrk gS A [ksr ,oa esM+ ij [kjirokj taxyh ikS/ks u"Vdj 0-03 izfr'kr QkLQksfeMkWu dk 15 fnu ds varjky ls 2&3 ckj fNM+dko Qly ij djsa A
  • dikl dk yky dhM+k ¼ jsM dkWVu cx½ %& fuEQ o izkS<+ nksuksa gh MksaMqvksa ls jl pwlrs gS] ftlls mlds vanj ds :bZ ds js'ks detksj iM+ tkrs gS] rFkk os MasMw Bhd ls [kqy ugha ikrs A bldk vkdze.k vDVwcj ls tuojh rd gksrk gS A bUgs u"V djus gsrq eknk ds tksMs ;k f'k'kqvksa dks ,d=dj dsjkslhu ;qDr ikuh esa Mqck dj ekj nsa A
  • fFkzIl %& o;Ld dhMk Hkwjs jax dk dVs ia[k okyk gksrk gS A f'k'kq o izkS< nksuks gh ifRr;ksa ,oa dksey MksaMks dk jl pwlus gS ftlls Qy fldqM+rs rFkk iRrh;k¡ fldqMdj vanj dh vksj eqM+ tkrh gS var ifRr;ka lw[kdj fxj tkrh gS A blds fu;a=.k gsrq 0-03 izfr'kr dkLQksfeMku ;k 0-2 izfr'kr esVkflLVkDl dk fN<dko djsa A
  • dikl dk MLdh dhV %& fuEQ rFkk izkS<+ nksuks gh ifRr;ksa dks [kqjpdj jl pwlrs gS] ftlls mu ij dkL; jax dh ;k pedhyh /kkfj;k¡ cu tkrh gS A vkSj ikS/ks >qyls utj vkrs gS A fu;a=.k gsrq ,UMkslYQku ;k eksuksdzksVksQkl 0-05 izfr'kr dk ?kksy cukdj fNM+dko djsa A
  • vesfjdu MksaMs dh lwaMh ¼fgfy;ksfFkl½%& bldh lqfMa;k¡ iztuu laca/kh Hkkxksa ij vkdze.k djrh gS A ftlds dkj.k dfy;ksa dh lgif=;k¡ [kqytkus ls Qwy QSys gq, ls fn[kkbZ nsrs gS A ;s Qwy ejdj >M+ tkrs gSA ;s lwM+h fodflr MksaMksa ij Hkh vkdze.k dj mUgs [kk tkrh gS A lwafM;ka gjs ihys jax dh gksrh gS rFkk dikl ds MksMks ds vanj Nsn djds jgrh gS A tSfod dhVuk'kdksa tSls blh izdkj ,u-ih-Ogh- ?kksy 250 ,y-bZ- ¼1 ,y-bZ- 200 djksM+ ok;jl½ dk fNM+dko djsa A ;g bYyh ihyh] gjk ihyk jax fy;s 'kjhj ds nksuksa cktqvksa esa lQsn jax dh /kkfj;k¡ gksrh gS A ,UMkslYQku ;k DyksjksikbjhQkl 2 yhVj izfr gsDVj dk fNM+dko djsa A
  • xqykch lwaMh ¼ fidoky oeZ ½ %& bldh lwafM;k¡ c<+rh gqbZ dfy;ksa ] dksiyksa Qwyksa rFkk MksaMksa ds vanj Nsndj ?kql tkrh gS] rFkk izos'k fNnz can gks tkrk gS NksVs MksaMs >M tkrs gS A ids gq, MksaMs Bhd ls [kqy ugha ikrs A lqafM;k MksaMks ds vanj jgdj cht Hkh [kkrh gS A
  • fpRrhnkj lwaMh ¼LikVsM okyoeZ ½ %& lwafM;ksa ds 'kh"kZ Hkkx ij dkys rFkk dsljh jax ds /kCcs gksrs gS A lwafM;k gjs lQsn jax dh gksrh gS A ;s lwafM;k¡ dikl dh c<+rh gqbZ dksiyksa Qwyksa rFkk MksaMksa ds vanj Nsn djds ?kql tkrh gS A izHkkfor dksiyas yVddj lw[k tkrh gS A dy;k¡] Qwy ;k MksaMs izk;% eqM+ tkrs gS A
bu lwafM;ksa ¼ gsfy;ksfFkl@ fiadokyoeZ @ LikWVsM okyoeZ ½ vkfn dh jksdFkke gsrq tSfod dhVuk'kh ¼ uhe vkdZ @ fuEcksyh vdZ dkjat vdZ ½ vkfn dk 1 izfr'kr ?kksy dk fNM+dko djsa A U;wfDy;j iksyhgkbMªksfll ok;jl ¼,u-ih-Ogh-½ 250 ,y-bZ- dk izfr gsDVj fNM+dko djsa fQj fu;af=r u gksus ij ,d fd-xzk-@ gs- ch-Vh- dk fNM+dko djuk pkfg, A
jklk;fud dhVuk'kdksa esa ,.MkslYQku @ Dysjks ikbjhQkWl 2 yhVj izfr gsDVj dk fNM+dko djsa A ;k QsuoyjsV 1 yhVj @ gsDVj ;k lkbijesfFkzu 1- bZ-lh- 75 xzke @ gsDVj ;k MsdkesFkzhu 28 bZ-lh- 17 xzke izfr gsDVj 1000&1200 yhVj ikuh esa feykdj fNM+dko djus ls lqafM;ksa dk fu;a=.k fd;k tk ldrk gS A
dikl dh pqukbZ
dikl dh pqukbZ iwjh rjg ls f[kys ?kasVksa esa ls gh djsa A xhyh dikl dh pqukbZ ugha djsa A vksl ds le; lqcg tYnh dikl ugha pqus vU;Fkk mlus ueh vf/kd gksxh A dikl dh pquko izk;% lqcg ds le; dh tkrh gS] ftlls dikl ds lkFk lw[kh iRrh;k¡] dpjk vkfn fpidk u jgs A dpjk ;qDr @ [kjkc ;k bYy;ksa }kjk {kfrxzLr dikl dks pqudj vyx j[ksa A dikl dks fdLeksa ds vuqlkj vyx vyx <+sjksa esa lkQ lw[ks LFkku ij HkaMkfjr djsa A
bl fof/k ls dikl dh [ksrh djds d`"kd vf/kd mRiknu ds lkFk lkFk vf/kd ewY; izkIr dj vf/kd equkQk izkIr dj ldrs gS A

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

Some Information about seed industry

Some Important Information about seed industry. Courtesy by : Mr Sharad Deshpande Team connect. 

Floriculture In India

Floricuture   Government of India has identified floriculture as a sunrise industry and accorded it 100% export oriented status. Owing to steady increase in demand of flower floriculture has become one of the important Commercial trades in Agriculture. Hence commercial floriculture has emerged as hi-tech activity-taking place under controlled climatic conditions inside greenhouse. Floriculture in India, is being viewed as a high growth Industry. Commercial floriculture is becoming important from the export angle. The liberalization of industrial and trade policies paved the way for development of export-oriented production of cut flowers. The new seed policy had already made it feasible to import planting material of international varieties. It has been found that commercial floriculture has higher potential per unit area than most of the field crops and is therefore a lucrative business. Indian floriculture industry has been shifting from traditi

Microprocessor Based Agriculture Instrumentation

The credential part of this paper subjects the application of microprocessors in providing better measurement and automation systems in the field of agriculture. Agriculture being the world’s oldest and most enterprising industry requires improvements in quality evaluation and control of its products. And Indian economy being predominately agriculture based should make the best use of this technology to obtain best results. Sustainable agriculture is the requirement of this century to maintain the sustainability so as to entertain the needs of population even under the limited land and other resource availability. It can be better defined as the one which over a long term enhances the environmental quality and farming community as a whole. As electronic sensing devices, microprocessors provide a wide range of application in agriculture such as better management of fertilizers, measurement of moisture and nutrient content of soil, monitoring the crop environment. These sensors are als